文章目录
磨刀不误砍柴工，Linux下也是一样，你掌握了正确的调试手段，对你的开发会非常有帮助。总结的这几个命令非常经典。 这个命令可以查看文件的确切文件类型
如何找到可执行文件所依赖的库？这就是ldd命令出现的原因，有人的地方就有江湖，有需要我的地方就应该出现我。针对动态链接的二进制文件运行它会显示其所有依赖的库及其路径。
这个命令可以追踪命令运行的时候跑了哪些函数，可以作为堆栈调用跟踪调试使用。ltrace能够跟踪进程的库函数调用,它会显现出哪个库函数被调用。 详细链接： http://www.cnblogs.com/machangwei-8/p/10388938.html -a 对齐具体某个列的返回值。-c 计算时间和调用，并在程序退出时打印摘要。 -C 解码低级别名称（内核级）为用户级名称。 -d 打印调试信息。 -e 改变跟踪的事件。 -f 跟踪子进程。 -h 打印帮助信息。 -i 打印指令指针，当库调用时。 -l 只打印某个库中的调用。 -L 不打印库调用。 -n, --indent=NR 对每个调用级别嵌套以NR个空格进行缩进输出。 -o, --output=file 把输出定向到文件。 -p PID 附着在值为PID的进程号上进行ltrace。 -r 打印相对时间戳。 -s STRLEN 设置打印的字符串最大长度。 -S 显示系统调用。 -t, -tt, -ttt 打印绝对时间戳。 -T 输出每个调用过程的时间开销。 -u USERNAME 使用某个用户id或组ID来运行命令。 -V, --version 打印版本信息，然后退出。 -x NAME treat the global NAME like a library subroutine.weiqifa0@weiqifa-System-Product-Name:~$ ltrace ls strrchr("ls", '/') = nil setlocale(LC_ALL, "") = "zh_CN.UTF-8" bindtextdomain("coreutils", "/usr/share/locale") = "/usr/share/locale" textdomain("coreutils") = "coreutils" __cxa_atexit(0x5594e2fd9ca0, 0, 0x5594e31ed008, 0x736c6974756572) = 0 isatty(1) = 1 getenv("QUOTING_STYLE") = nil getenv("COLUMNS") = nil ioctl(1, 21523, 0x7fff061929c0) = 0 getenv("TABSIZE") = nil getopt_long(1, 0x7fff06192af8, "abcdfghiklmnopqrstuvw:xABCDFGHI:"..., 0x5594e31ec2e0, -1) = -1 getenv("LS_BLOCK_SIZE") = nil getenv("BLOCK_SIZE") = nil getenv("BLOCKSIZE") = nil getenv("POSIXLY_CORRECT") = nil getenv("BLOCK_SIZE") = nil __errno_location() = 0x7f3801ac0258 memcpy(0x5594e4a91a50, "\003\0\0\0\0\0\0\0\0\0\0\0\0\0\0\0\0\0\0\0\0\0\0\0\0\0\0\0\0\0\0\0"..., 56) = 0x5594e4a91a50 __errno_location() = 0x7f3801ac0258 memcpy(0x5594e4a91a90, "\003\0\0\0\0\0\0\0\0\0\0\0\0\0\0\0\0\0\0\0\0\0\0\0\0\0\0\0\0\0\0\0"..., 56) = 0x5594e4a91a90 getenv("TZ") = nil strlen(".") = 1 memcpy(0x5594e4a969c0, ".\0", 2) = 0x5594e4a969c0 __errno_location() = 0x7f3801ac0258 opendir(".") = 0x5594e4a969e0 readdir(0x5594e4a969e0) = 0x5594e4a96a10 __errno_location() = 0x7f3801ac0258 __ctype_get_mb_cur_max() = 6 strlen("Desktop") = 7 strlen("Desktop") = 7 memcpy(0x5594e4a9ea20, "Desktop\0", 8) = 0x5594e4a9ea20 readdir(0x5594e4a969e0) = 0x5594e4a96a30 readdir(0x5594e4a969e0) = 0x5594e4a96a50 readdir(0x5594e4a969e0) = 0x5594e4a96a70 readdir(0x5594e4a969e0) = 0x5594e4a96a90 readdir(0x5594e4a969e0) = 0x5594e4a96ab0 __errno_location() = 0x7f3801ac0258 __ctype_get_mb_cur_max() = 6 strlen("examples.desktop") = 16 strlen("examples.desktop") = 16 memcpy(0x5594e4a9ea40, "examples.desktop\0", 17) = 0x5594e4a9ea40 readdir(0x5594e4a969e0) = 0x5594e4a96ad8 readdir(0x5594e4a969e0) = 0x5594e4a96af8 readdir(0x5594e4a969e0) = 0x5594e4a96b20 __errno_location() = 0x7f3801ac0258 __ctype_get_mb_cur_max() = 6 strlen("Public") = 6 strlen("Public") = 6 memcpy(0x5594e4a9ea60, "Public\0", 7) = 0x5594e4a9ea60 readdir(0x5594e4a969e0) = 0x5594e4a96b40 readdir(0x5594e4a969e0) = 0x5594e4a96b68 __errno_location() = 0x7f3801ac0258 __ctype_get_mb_cur_max() = 6 strlen("Pictures") = 8 strlen("Pictures") = 8 memcpy(0x5594e4a9ea80, "Pictures\0", 9) = 0x5594e4a9ea80 readdir(0x5594e4a969e0) = 0x5594e4a96b88 readdir(0x5594e4a969e0) = 0x5594e4a96ba8 readdir(0x5594e4a969e0) = 0x5594e4a96bc0 readdir(0x5594e4a969e0) = 0x5594e4a96bd8 readdir(0x5594e4a969e0) = 0x5594e4a96bf8 readdir(0x5594e4a969e0) = 0x5594e4a96c28 __errno_location() = 0x7f3801ac0258 __ctype_get_mb_cur_max() = 6 strlen("Videos") = 6 strlen("Videos") = 6 memcpy(0x5594e4a9eaa0, "Videos\0", 7) = 0x5594e4a9eaa0 readdir(0x5594e4a969e0) = 0x5594e4a96c48 __errno_location() = 0x7f3801ac0258 __ctype_get_mb_cur_max() = 6 strlen("Music") = 5 strlen("Music") = 5 memcpy(0x5594e4a9eac0, "Music\0", 6) = 0x5594e4a9eac0 readdir(0x5594e4a969e0) = 0x5594e4a96c68 readdir(0x5594e4a969e0) = 0x5594e4a96c80 readdir(0x5594e4a969e0) = 0x5594e4a96ca0 readdir(0x5594e4a969e0) = 0x5594e4a96cc0 readdir(0x5594e4a969e0) = 0x5594e4a96ce0 readdir(0x5594e4a969e0) = 0x5594e4a96d00 readdir(0x5594e4a969e0) = 0x5594e4a96d20 __errno_location() = 0x7f3801ac0258 __ctype_get_mb_cur_max() = 6 strlen("c") = 1 strlen("c") = 1 memcpy(0x5594e4a9eae0, "c\0", 2) = 0x5594e4a9eae0 readdir(0x5594e4a969e0) = 0x5594e4a96d38 readdir(0x5594e4a969e0) = 0x5594e4a96d58 readdir(0x5594e4a969e0) = 0x5594e4a96d78 readdir(0x5594e4a969e0) = 0x5594e4a96d98 readdir(0x5594e4a969e0) = 0x5594e4a96db8 readdir(0x5594e4a969e0) = 0x5594e4a96de0 readdir(0x5594e4a969e0) = 0x5594e4a96e00 __errno_location() = 0x7f3801ac0258 __ctype_get_mb_cur_max() = 6 strlen("Templates") = 9 strlen("Templates") = 9 memcpy(0x5594e4a9eb00, "Templates\0", 10) = 0x5594e4a9eb00 readdir(0x5594e4a969e0) = 0x5594e4a96e20 readdir(0x5594e4a969e0) = 0x5594e4a96e48 readdir(0x5594e4a969e0) = 0x5594e4a96e68 readdir(0x5594e4a969e0) = 0x5594e4a96e88 readdir(0x5594e4a969e0) = 0x5594e4a96eb0 readdir(0x5594e4a969e0) = 0x5594e4a96ed0 readdir(0x5594e4a969e0) = 0x5594e4a96ee8 __errno_location() = 0x7f3801ac0258 __ctype_get_mb_cur_max() = 6 strlen("Downloads") = 9 strlen("Downloads") = 9 memcpy(0x5594e4a9eb20, "Downloads\0", 10) = 0x5594e4a9eb20 readdir(0x5594e4a969e0) = 0x5594e4a96f08 __errno_location() = 0x7f3801ac0258 __ctype_get_mb_cur_max() = 6 strlen("Documents") = 9 strlen("Documents") = 9 memcpy(0x5594e4a9eb40, "Documents\0", 10) = 0x5594e4a9eb40 readdir(0x5594e4a969e0) = 0 closedir(0x5594e4a969e0) = 0 _setjmp(0x5594e31ed300, 0x7f3801f3f3f0, 0x5594e4a96a30, 0x5594e4a92330) = 0 __errno_location() = 0x7f3801ac0258 strcoll("Downloads", "Documents") = 4 __errno_location() = 0x7f3801ac0258 strcoll("Templates", "Documents") = 3 __errno_location() = 0x7f3801ac0258 strcoll("Templates", "Downloads") = 3 memcpy(0x5594e4a96a28, "\330 \251\344\224U\0\0", 8) = 0x5594e4a96a28 __errno_location() = 0x7f3801ac0258 strcoll("Music", "c") = 1 memcpy(0x5594e4a96a38, "H\037\251\344\224U\0\0", 8) = 0x5594e4a96a38 __errno_location() = 0x7f3801ac0258 strcoll("c", "Documents") = -9 __errno_location() = 0x7f3801ac0258 strcoll("Music", "Documents") = 1 __errno_location() = 0x7f3801ac0258 strcoll("Music", "Downloads") = 1 __errno_location() = 0x7f3801ac0258 strcoll("Music", "Templates") = -2 __errno_location() = 0x7f3801ac0258 strcoll("Pictures", "Videos") = -2 __errno_location() = 0x7f3801ac0258 strcoll("Public", "Pictures") = 2 __errno_location() = 0x7f3801ac0258 strcoll("Public", "Videos") = -2 __errno_location() = 0x7f3801ac0258 strcoll("Desktop", "examples.desktop") = -12 __errno_location() = 0x7f3801ac0258 strcoll("Desktop", "Pictures") = -2 __errno_location() = 0x7f3801ac0258 strcoll("examples.desktop", "Pictures") = -2 memcpy(0x5594e4a96a40, "\270\035\251\344\224U\0\0\360\034\251\344\224U\0\0\200\036\251\344\224U\0\0", 24) = 0x5594e4a96a40 __errno_location() = 0x7f3801ac0258 strcoll("Desktop", "c") = 9 __errno_location() = 0x7f3801ac0258 strcoll("Desktop", "Documents") = -2 __errno_location() = 0x7f3801ac0258 strcoll("examples.desktop", "Documents") = 12 __errno_location() = 0x7f3801ac0258 strcoll("examples.desktop", "Downloads") = 12 __errno_location() = 0x7f3801ac0258 strcoll("examples.desktop", "Music") = -1 __errno_location() = 0x7f3801ac0258 strcoll("Pictures", "Music") = 1 __errno_location() = 0x7f3801ac0258 strcoll("Pictures", "Templates") = -1 __errno_location() = 0x7f3801ac0258 strcoll("Public", "Templates") = -1 __errno_location() = 0x7f3801ac0258 strcoll("Videos", "Templates") = 1 memcpy(0x5594e4a96a28, "\200\036\251\344\224U\0\0", 8) = 0x5594e4a96a28 realloc(0, 480) = 0x5594e4a96ae0 strlen("c") = 1 __ctype_get_mb_cur_max() = 6 __ctype_get_mb_cur_max() = 6 strlen("Desktop") = 7 __ctype_get_mb_cur_max() = 6 __ctype_get_mb_cur_max() = 6 strlen("Documents") = 9 __ctype_get_mb_cur_max() = 6 __ctype_get_mb_cur_max() = 6 strlen("Downloads") = 9 __ctype_get_mb_cur_max() = 6 __ctype_get_mb_cur_max() = 6 strlen("examples.desktop") = 16 __ctype_get_mb_cur_max() = 6 __ctype_get_mb_cur_max() = 6 strlen("Music") = 5 __ctype_get_mb_cur_max() = 6 __ctype_get_mb_cur_max() = 6 strlen("Pictures") = 8 __ctype_get_mb_cur_max() = 6 __ctype_get_mb_cur_max() = 6 strlen("Public") = 6 __ctype_get_mb_cur_max() = 6 __ctype_get_mb_cur_max() = 6 strlen("Templates") = 9 __ctype_get_mb_cur_max() = 6 __ctype_get_mb_cur_max() = 6 strlen("Videos") = 6 __ctype_get_mb_cur_max() = 6 __ctype_get_mb_cur_max() = 6 strlen("c") = 1 __ctype_get_mb_cur_max() = 6 __ctype_get_mb_cur_max() = 6 strlen("c") = 1 fwrite_unlocked("c", 1, 1, 0x7f3801f3f760) = 1 __overflow(0x7f3801f3f760, 32, 2, 8) = 32 __overflow(0x7f3801f3f760, 32, 3, 8) = 32 strlen("Desktop") = 7 __ctype_get_mb_cur_max() = 6 __ctype_get_mb_cur_max() = 6 strlen("Desktop") = 7 fwrite_unlocked("Desktop", 1, 7, 0x7f3801f3f760) = 7 __overflow(0x7f3801f3f760, 32, 3, 8) = 32 __overflow(0x7f3801f3f760, 32, 4, 8) = 32 strlen("Documents") = 9 __ctype_get_mb_cur_max() = 6 __ctype_get_mb_cur_max() = 6 strlen("Documents") = 9 fwrite_unlocked("Documents", 1, 9, 0x7f3801f3f760) = 9 __overflow(0x7f3801f3f760, 32, 6, 8) = 32 __overflow(0x7f3801f3f760, 32, 7, 8) = 32 strlen("Downloads") = 9 __ctype_get_mb_cur_max() = 6 __ctype_get_mb_cur_max() = 6 strlen("Downloads") = 9 fwrite_unlocked("Downloads", 1, 9, 0x7f3801f3f760) = 9 __overflow(0x7f3801f3f760, 32, 1, 8) = 32 __overflow(0x7f3801f3f760, 32, 2, 8) = 32 strlen("examples.desktop") = 16 __ctype_get_mb_cur_max() = 6 __ctype_get_mb_cur_max() = 6 strlen("examples.desktop") = 16 fwrite_unlocked("examples.desktop", 1, 16, 0x7f3801f3f760) = 16 __overflow(0x7f3801f3f760, 32, 3, 8) = 32 __overflow(0x7f3801f3f760, 32, 4, 8) = 32 strlen("Music") = 5 __ctype_get_mb_cur_max() = 6 __ctype_get_mb_cur_max() = 6 strlen("Music") = 5 fwrite_unlocked("Music", 1, 5, 0x7f3801f3f760) = 5 __overflow(0x7f3801f3f760, 32, 2, 8) = 32 __overflow(0x7f3801f3f760, 32, 3, 8) = 32 strlen("Pictures") = 8 __ctype_get_mb_cur_max() = 6 __ctype_get_mb_cur_max() = 6 strlen("Pictures") = 8 fwrite_unlocked("Pictures", 1, 8, 0x7f3801f3f760) = 8 __overflow(0x7f3801f3f760, 32, 4, 8) = 32 __overflow(0x7f3801f3f760, 32, 5, 8) = 32 strlen("Public") = 6 __ctype_get_mb_cur_max() = 6 __ctype_get_mb_cur_max() = 6 strlen("Public") = 6 fwrite_unlocked("Public", 1, 6, 0x7f3801f3f760) = 6 __overflow(0x7f3801f3f760, 32, 4, 8) = 32 __overflow(0x7f3801f3f760, 32, 5, 8) = 32 strlen("Templates") = 9 __ctype_get_mb_cur_max() = 6 __ctype_get_mb_cur_max() = 6 strlen("Templates") = 9 fwrite_unlocked("Templates", 1, 9, 0x7f3801f3f760) = 9 __overflow(0x7f3801f3f760, 9, 7, 8) = 9 strlen("Videos") = 6 __ctype_get_mb_cur_max() = 6 __ctype_get_mb_cur_max() = 6 strlen("Videos") = 6 fwrite_unlocked("Videos", 1, 6, 0x7f3801f3f760) = 6 __overflow(0x7f3801f3f760, 10, 0x1d15f2f23c04cf00, 0x736f6564c Desktop Documents Downloads examples.desktop Music Pictures Public Templates Videos ) = 10 __fpending(0x7f3801f3f760, 0, 0x5594e2fd9ca0, 1) = 0 fileno(0x7f3801f3f760) = 1 __freading(0x7f3801f3f760, 0, 0x5594e2fd9ca0, 1) = 0 __freading(0x7f3801f3f760, 0, 2052, 1) = 0 fflush(0x7f3801f3f760) = 0 fclose(0x7f3801f3f760) = 0 __fpending(0x7f3801f3f680, 0, 0x7f3801f3f960, 3072) = 0 fileno(0x7f3801f3f680) = 2 __freading(0x7f3801f3f680, 0, 0x7f3801f3f960, 3072) = 0 __freading(0x7f3801f3f680, 0, 4, 3072) = 0 fflush(0x7f3801f3f680) = 0 fclose(0x7f3801f3f680) = 0 +++ exited (status 0) +++ weiqifa0@weiqifa-System-Product-Name:~$ #hexdump 从名字可以看出这个是用来查看文件的十六进制的。 weiqifa0@weiqifa-System-Product-Name:~$ hexdump /bin/ls |head0000000 457f 464c 0102 0001 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000010 0003 003e 0001 0000 5850 0000 0000 0000 0000020 0040 0000 0000 0000 03a0 0002 0000 0000 0000030 0000 0000 0040 0038 0009 0040 001c 001b 0000040 0006 0000 0005 0000 0040 0000 0000 0000 0000050 0040 0000 0000 0000 0040 0000 0000 0000 0000060 01f8 0000 0000 0000 01f8 0000 0000 0000 0000070 0008 0000 0000 0000 0003 0000 0004 0000 0000080 0238 0000 0000 0000 0238 0000 0000 0000 0000090 0238 0000 0000 0000 001c 0000 0000 0000 weiqifa0@weiqifa-System-Product-Name:~$ #strings 这个之前在文件dts解析里面有说过，是一个非常不错的命令，用来查看Bin里面有什么字符串。
一般用于查看ELF格式的文件信息，常见的文件如在Linux上的可执行文件，动态库(* .so)或者静态库(* .a) 等包含ELF格式的文件。以下命令的使用是基于android编译出来的so文件上面去运行。
这个命令主要用来反汇编格式。 weiqifa0@weiqifa-System-Product-Name:~/c$ cat 1.c#include "stdio.h" int main(void) { printf("hello,world\n"); return (0); } weiqifa0@weiqifa-System-Product-Name:~/c$ gcc 1.c -o 1.o weiqifa0@weiqifa-System-Product-Name:~/c$ objdump -h 1.o 1.o: file format elf64-x86-64 Sections: Idx Name Size VMA LMA File off Algn 0 .interp 0000001c 00000000000002a8 00000000000002a8 000002a8 2**0 CONTENTS, ALLOC, LOAD, READONLY, DATA 1 .note.gnu.build-id 00000024 00000000000002c4 00000000000002c4 000002c4 2**2 CONTENTS, ALLOC, LOAD, READONLY, DATA 2 .note.ABI-tag 00000020 00000000000002e8 00000000000002e8 000002e8 2**2 CONTENTS, ALLOC, LOAD, READONLY, DATA 3 .gnu.hash 00000024 0000000000000308 0000000000000308 00000308 2**3 CONTENTS, ALLOC, LOAD, READONLY, DATA 4 .dynsym 000000a8 0000000000000330 0000000000000330 00000330 2**3 CONTENTS, ALLOC, LOAD, READONLY, DATA 5 .dynstr 00000082 00000000000003d8 00000000000003d8 000003d8 2**0 CONTENTS, ALLOC, LOAD, READONLY, DATA 6 .gnu.version 0000000e 000000000000045a 000000000000045a 0000045a 2**1 CONTENTS, ALLOC, LOAD, READONLY, DATA 7 .gnu.version_r 00000020 0000000000000468 0000000000000468 00000468 2**3 CONTENTS, ALLOC, LOAD, READONLY, DATA 8 .rela.dyn 000000c0 0000000000000488 0000000000000488 00000488 2**3 CONTENTS, ALLOC, LOAD, READONLY, DATA 9 .rela.plt 00000018 0000000000000548 0000000000000548 00000548 2**3 CONTENTS, ALLOC, LOAD, READONLY, DATA 10 .init 00000017 0000000000001000 0000000000001000 00001000 2**2 CONTENTS, ALLOC, LOAD, READONLY, CODE 11 .plt 00000020 0000000000001020 0000000000001020 00001020 2**4 CONTENTS, ALLOC, LOAD, READONLY, CODE 12 .plt.got 00000008 0000000000001040 0000000000001040 00001040 2**3 CONTENTS, ALLOC, LOAD, READONLY, CODE 13 .text 00000161 0000000000001050 0000000000001050 00001050 2**4 CONTENTS, ALLOC, LOAD, READONLY, CODE 14 .fini 00000009 00000000000011b4 00000000000011b4 000011b4 2**2 CONTENTS, ALLOC, LOAD, READONLY, CODE 15 .rodata 00000010 0000000000002000 0000000000002000 00002000 2**2 CONTENTS, ALLOC, LOAD, READONLY, DATA 16 .eh_frame_hdr 0000003c 0000000000002010 0000000000002010 00002010 2**2 CONTENTS, ALLOC, LOAD, READONLY, DATA 17 .eh_frame 00000108 0000000000002050 0000000000002050 00002050 2**3 CONTENTS, ALLOC, LOAD, READONLY, DATA 18 .init_array 00000008 0000000000003db8 0000000000003db8 00002db8 2**3 CONTENTS, ALLOC, LOAD, DATA 19 .fini_array 00000008 0000000000003dc0 0000000000003dc0 00002dc0 2**3 CONTENTS, ALLOC, LOAD, DATA 20 .dynamic 000001f0 0000000000003dc8 0000000000003dc8 00002dc8 2**3 CONTENTS, ALLOC, LOAD, DATA 21 .got 00000048 0000000000003fb8 0000000000003fb8 00002fb8 2**3 CONTENTS, ALLOC, LOAD, DATA 22 .data 00000010 0000000000004000 0000000000004000 00003000 2**3 CONTENTS, ALLOC, LOAD, DATA 23 .bss 00000008 0000000000004010 0000000000004010 00003010 2**0 ALLOC 24 .comment 00000023 0000000000000000 0000000000000000 00003010 2**0 CONTENTS, READONLY weiqifa0@weiqifa-System-Product-Name:~/c$ #strace strace是一个非常简单的工具，它可以跟踪系统调用的执行。最简单的方式，它可以从头到尾跟踪binary的执行，然后以一行文本输出系统调用的名字，参数和返回值。 详细链接：
http://blog.csdn.net/uisoul/article/details/83143290 weiqifa0@weiqifa-System-Product-Name:~/c$ strace /bin/lsexecve("/bin/ls", ["/bin/ls"], 0x7ffdb4868620 /* 23 vars */) = 0 brk(NULL) = 0x55ebe6544000 access("/etc/ld.so.preload", R_OK) = -1 ENOENT (No such file or directory) openat(AT_FDCWD, "/etc/ld.so.cache", O_RDONLY|O_CLOEXEC) = 3 fstat(3, {st_mode=S_IFREG|0644, st_size=109714, ...}) = 0 mmap(NULL, 109714, PROT_READ, MAP_PRIVATE, 3, 0) = 0x7fc672283000 close(3) = 0 openat(AT_FDCWD, "/lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/libselinux.so.1", O_RDONLY|O_CLOEXEC) = 3 read(3, "\177ELF\2\1\1\0\0\0\0\0\0\0\0\0\3\0>\0\1\0\0\0 h\0\0\0\0\0\0"..., 832) = 832 fstat(3, {st_mode=S_IFREG|0644, st_size=158928, ...}) = 0 mmap(NULL, 8192, PROT_READ|PROT_WRITE, MAP_PRIVATE|MAP_ANONYMOUS, -1, 0) = 0x7fc672281000 mmap(NULL, 170192, PROT_READ, MAP_PRIVATE|MAP_DENYWRITE, 3, 0) = 0x7fc672257000 mprotect(0x7fc67225d000, 131072, PROT_NONE) = 0 mmap(0x7fc67225d000, 98304, PROT_READ|PROT_EXEC, MAP_PRIVATE|MAP_FIXED|MAP_DENYWRITE, 3, 0x6000) = 0x7fc67225d000 mmap(0x7fc672275000, 28672, PROT_READ, MAP_PRIVATE|MAP_FIXED|MAP_DENYWRITE, 3, 0x1e000) = 0x7fc672275000 mmap(0x7fc67227d000, 8192, PROT_READ|PROT_WRITE, MAP_PRIVATE|MAP_FIXED|MAP_DENYWRITE, 3, 0x25000) = 0x7fc67227d000 mmap(0x7fc67227f000, 6352, PROT_READ|PROT_WRITE, MAP_PRIVATE|MAP_FIXED|MAP_ANONYMOUS, -1, 0) = 0x7fc67227f000 close(3) = 0 openat(AT_FDCWD, "/lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/libc.so.6", O_RDONLY|O_CLOEXEC) = 3 read(3, "\177ELF\2\1\1\3\0\0\0\0\0\0\0\0\3\0>\0\1\0\0\0\200l\2\0\0\0\0\0"..., 832) = 832 fstat(3, {st_mode=S_IFREG|0755, st_size=2000480, ...}) = 0 mmap(NULL, 2008696, PROT_READ, MAP_PRIVATE|MAP_DENYWRITE, 3, 0) = 0x7fc67206c000 mmap(0x7fc672091000, 1519616, PROT_READ|PROT_EXEC, MAP_PRIVATE|MAP_FIXED|MAP_DENYWRITE, 3, 0x25000) = 0x7fc672091000 mmap(0x7fc672204000, 299008, PROT_READ, MAP_PRIVATE|MAP_FIXED|MAP_DENYWRITE, 3, 0x198000) = 0x7fc672204000 mmap(0x7fc67224d000, 24576, PROT_READ|PROT_WRITE, MAP_PRIVATE|MAP_FIXED|MAP_DENYWRITE, 3, 0x1e0000) = 0x7fc67224d000 mmap(0x7fc672253000, 13944, PROT_READ|PROT_WRITE, MAP_PRIVATE|MAP_FIXED|MAP_ANONYMOUS, -1, 0) = 0x7fc672253000 close(3) = 0 openat(AT_FDCWD, "/lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/libpcre.so.3", O_RDONLY|O_CLOEXEC) = 3 read(3, "\177ELF\2\1\1\0\0\0\0\0\0\0\0\0\3\0>\0\1\0\0\0 \25\0\0\0\0\0\0"..., 832) = 832 fstat(3, {st_mode=S_IFREG|0644, st_size=464824, ...}) = 0 mmap(NULL, 2560264, PROT_READ|PROT_EXEC, MAP_PRIVATE|MAP_DENYWRITE, 3, 0) = 0x7fc671dfa000 mprotect(0x7fc671e6a000, 2097152, PROT_NONE) = 0 mmap(0x7fc67206a000, 8192, PROT_READ|PROT_WRITE, MAP_PRIVATE|MAP_FIXED|MAP_DENYWRITE, 3, 0x70000) = 0x7fc67206a000 close(3) = 0 openat(AT_FDCWD, "/lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/libdl.so.2", O_RDONLY|O_CLOEXEC) = 3 read(3, "\177ELF\2\1\1\0\0\0\0\0\0\0\0\0\3\0>\0\1\0\0\0000\21\0\0\0\0\0\0"..., 832) = 832 fstat(3, {st_mode=S_IFREG|0644, st_size=18656, ...}) = 0 mmap(NULL, 20752, PROT_READ, MAP_PRIVATE|MAP_DENYWRITE, 3, 0) = 0x7fc671df4000 mmap(0x7fc671df5000, 8192, PROT_READ|PROT_EXEC, MAP_PRIVATE|MAP_FIXED|MAP_DENYWRITE, 3, 0x1000) = 0x7fc671df5000 mmap(0x7fc671df7000, 4096, PROT_READ, MAP_PRIVATE|MAP_FIXED|MAP_DENYWRITE, 3, 0x3000) = 0x7fc671df7000 mmap(0x7fc671df8000, 8192, PROT_READ|PROT_WRITE, MAP_PRIVATE|MAP_FIXED|MAP_DENYWRITE, 3, 0x3000) = 0x7fc671df8000 close(3) = 0 openat(AT_FDCWD, "/lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/libpthread.so.0", O_RDONLY|O_CLOEXEC) = 3 read(3, "\177ELF\2\1\1\3\0\0\0\0\0\0\0\0\3\0>\0\1\0\0\0\200|\0\0\0\0\0\0"..., 832) = 832 fstat(3, {st_mode=S_IFREG|0755, st_size=149840, ...}) = 0 mmap(NULL, 132288, PROT_READ, MAP_PRIVATE|MAP_DENYWRITE, 3, 0) = 0x7fc671dd3000 mmap(0x7fc671dda000, 61440, PROT_READ|PROT_EXEC, MAP_PRIVATE|MAP_FIXED|MAP_DENYWRITE, 3, 0x7000) = 0x7fc671dda000 mmap(0x7fc671de9000, 20480, PROT_READ, MAP_PRIVATE|MAP_FIXED|MAP_DENYWRITE, 3, 0x16000) = 0x7fc671de9000 mmap(0x7fc671dee000, 8192, PROT_READ|PROT_WRITE, MAP_PRIVATE|MAP_FIXED|MAP_DENYWRITE, 3, 0x1a000) = 0x7fc671dee000 mmap(0x7fc671df0000, 13504, PROT_READ|PROT_WRITE, MAP_PRIVATE|MAP_FIXED|MAP_ANONYMOUS, -1, 0) = 0x7fc671df0000 close(3) = 0 mmap(NULL, 8192, PROT_READ|PROT_WRITE, MAP_PRIVATE|MAP_ANONYMOUS, -1, 0) = 0x7fc671dd1000 arch_prctl(ARCH_SET_FS, 0x7fc671dd23c0) = 0 mprotect(0x7fc67224d000, 12288, PROT_READ) = 0 mprotect(0x7fc671dee000, 4096, PROT_READ) = 0 mprotect(0x7fc671df8000, 4096, PROT_READ) = 0 mprotect(0x7fc67206a000, 4096, PROT_READ) = 0 mprotect(0x7fc67227d000, 4096, PROT_READ) = 0 mprotect(0x55ebe4612000, 8192, PROT_READ) = 0 mprotect(0x7fc6722c8000, 4096, PROT_READ) = 0 munmap(0x7fc672283000, 109714) = 0 set_tid_address(0x7fc671dd2690) = 15038 set_robust_list(0x7fc671dd26a0, 24) = 0 rt_sigaction(SIGRTMIN, {sa_handler=0x7fc671dda6c0, sa_mask=[], sa_flags=SA_RESTORER|SA_SIGINFO, sa_restorer=0x7fc671de6f40}, NULL, 8) = 0 rt_sigaction(SIGRT_1, {sa_handler=0x7fc671dda760, sa_mask=[], sa_flags=SA_RESTORER|SA_RESTART|SA_SIGINFO, sa_restorer=0x7fc671de6f40}, NULL, 8) = 0 rt_sigprocmask(SIG_UNBLOCK, [RTMIN RT_1], NULL, 8) = 0 prlimit64(0, RLIMIT_STACK, NULL, {rlim_cur=8192*1024, rlim_max=RLIM64_INFINITY}) = 0 statfs("/sys/fs/selinux", 0x7ffdfa4ebb30) = -1 ENOENT (No such file or directory) statfs("/selinux", 0x7ffdfa4ebb30) = -1 ENOENT (No such file or directory) brk(NULL) = 0x55ebe6544000 brk(0x55ebe6565000) = 0x55ebe6565000 openat(AT_FDCWD, "/proc/filesystems", O_RDONLY|O_CLOEXEC) = 3 fstat(3, {st_mode=S_IFREG|0444, st_size=0, ...}) = 0 read(3, "nodev\tsysfs\nnodev\trootfs\nnodev\tr"..., 1024) = 423 read(3, "", 1024) = 0 close(3) = 0 access("/etc/selinux/config", F_OK) = -1 ENOENT (No such file or directory) openat(AT_FDCWD, "/usr/lib/locale/locale-archive", O_RDONLY|O_CLOEXEC) = 3 fstat(3, {st_mode=S_IFREG|0644, st_size=8841488, ...}) = 0 mmap(NULL, 8841488, PROT_READ, MAP_PRIVATE, 3, 0) = 0x7fc671562000 close(3) = 0 ioctl(1, TCGETS, {B38400 opost isig icanon echo ...}) = 0 ioctl(1, TIOCGWINSZ, {ws_row=27, ws_col=116, ws_xpixel=0, ws_ypixel=0}) = 0 openat(AT_FDCWD, ".", O_RDONLY|O_NONBLOCK|O_CLOEXEC|O_DIRECTORY) = 3 fstat(3, {st_mode=S_IFDIR|0775, st_size=4096, ...}) = 0 getdents64(3, /* 4 entries */, 32768) = 96 getdents64(3, /* 0 entries */, 32768) = 0 close(3) = 0 fstat(1, {st_mode=S_IFCHR|0620, st_rdev=makedev(136, 0), ...}) = 0 write(1, "1.c 1.o\n", 91.c 1.o ) = 9 close(1) = 0 close(2) = 0 exit_group(0) = ? +++ exited with 0 +++ weiqifa0@weiqifa-System-Product-Name:~/c$#nm 这个命令可以看到链接库的地址，实际使用的时候会发现非常爽。 weiqifa0@weiqifa-System-Product-Name:~/c$ cat 1.c#include "stdio.h" int main(void) { printf("hello,world\n"); return (0); } weiqifa0@weiqifa-System-Product-Name:~/c$ gcc 1.c -o 1.o weiqifa0@weiqifa-System-Product-Name:~/c$ nm 1.o 0000000000004010 B __bss_start 0000000000004010 b completed.7963 w __cxa_finalize@@GLIBC_2.2.5 0000000000004000 D __data_start 0000000000004000 W data_start 0000000000001080 t deregister_tm_clones 00000000000010f0 t __do_global_dtors_aux 0000000000003dc0 t __do_global_dtors_aux_fini_array_entry 0000000000004008 D __dso_handle 0000000000003dc8 d _DYNAMIC 0000000000004010 D _edata 0000000000004018 B _end 00000000000011b4 T _fini 0000000000001130 t frame_dummy 0000000000003db8 t __frame_dummy_init_array_entry 0000000000002154 r __FRAME_END__ 0000000000003fb8 d _GLOBAL_OFFSET_TABLE_ w __gmon_start__ 0000000000002010 r __GNU_EH_FRAME_HDR 0000000000001000 t _init 0000000000003dc0 t __init_array_end 0000000000003db8 t __init_array_start 0000000000002000 R _IO_stdin_used w _ITM_deregisterTMCloneTable w _ITM_registerTMCloneTable 00000000000011b0 T __libc_csu_fini 0000000000001150 T __libc_csu_init U __libc_start_main@@GLIBC_2.2.5 0000000000001135 T main U puts@@GLIBC_2.2.5 00000000000010b0 t register_tm_clones 0000000000001050 T _start 0000000000004010 D __TMC_END__ weiqifa0@weiqifa-System-Product-Name:~/c$ #gdb gdb我觉得大家应该不会陌生了吧，可以说是Linux下的调试神器了。 weiqifa0@weiqifa-System-Product-Name:~/c$ gcc -c -g 1.cweiqifa0@weiqifa-System-Product-Name:~/c$ ls 1.c 1.o -g weiqifa0@weiqifa-System-Product-Name:~/c$ gcc 1.o -o 1 weiqifa0@weiqifa-System-Product-Name:~/c$ gdb 1 GNU gdb (Ubuntu 8.1-0ubuntu3.2) 8.1.0.20180409-git Copyright (C) 2018 Free Software Foundation, Inc. License GPLv3+: GNU GPL version 3 or later <http://gnu.org/licenses/gpl.html> This is free software: you are free to change and redistribute it. There is NO WARRANTY, to the extent permitted by law. Type "show copying" and "show warranty" for details. This GDB was configured as "x86_64-linux-gnu". Type "show configuration" for configuration details. For bug reporting instructions, please see: <http://www.gnu.org/software/gdb/bugs/>. Find the GDB manual and other documentation resources online at: <http://www.gnu.org/software/gdb/documentation/>. For help, type "help". Type "apropos word" to search for commands related to "word"... Reading symbols from 1...done. (gdb) list 1 #include "stdio.h" 2 3 int main(void) 4 { 5 printf("hello,world\n"); 6 return (0); 7 } (gdb) b main Breakpoint 1 at 0x1139: file 1.c, line 5. (gdb) run Starting program: /home/weiqifa0/c/1 Breakpoint 1, main () at 1.c:5 5 printf("hello,world\n"); (gdb) 使用详情： http://www.cnblogs.com/arnoldlu/p/9633254.html |
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